自考英語二知識(shí)點(diǎn)整理總結(jié)筆記 必背短語固定搭配

自考英語二是自學(xué)考試中的公共課目的必考課程，是自考本科的課程，英語（二）課程既是一門語言實(shí)踐課程，也是拓寬知識(shí)、了解世界文化的重要素質(zhì)課程。它以培養(yǎng)學(xué)習(xí)者的綜合應(yīng)用能力為目標(biāo)，幫助他們?cè)趯W(xué)習(xí)、工作和社會(huì)交往中能夠使用英語進(jìn)行有效交流。

自學(xué)考試英語二備考句型過渡句

1. ..may further be supported by………可以進(jìn)一步證實(shí)……

2.However, why is…important/indispensable/necessary?但是為什么……很重要(必不可少、有必要)?

3.As a proverb says…/As is well known to us…正如一句名言所說(正如我們所知)……

4.People should pay more attention to the..because…人們應(yīng)該增加對(duì)……的重視，因?yàn)椤?/p>

進(jìn)階：

1.Besides/In addition/Apart from this, other ways/aspects/functions are…除此之外，另外一些方法(方面、作用)是……

2. …is but one of many effects.Another i……只不過是其中一個(gè)影響。另一個(gè)是……

3.Another equally important aspect/function is…另一個(gè)同樣重要的方面(作用)是……

4.Closely connected with/related to/associated with this factor is…與這個(gè)因素密切相關(guān)的另一個(gè)因素是…

重點(diǎn)單詞擴(kuò)充講解：

1. organizational: a 組織上的

由此我們可以聯(lián)想到：organize: v 組織；organization:n 組織； organizer: n 組織者

請(qǐng)看下列習(xí)題，選擇該組詞里恰當(dāng)?shù)脑~填空：

1). Last week, our school ________ a spring outing.

2). The task calls for the highest _________ skill.

3).Chinahas joined World Trade __________.

4). He is the __________ of the speech contest.

Answers: organized, organizational,Organization,organizer

2. objective: n 目標(biāo)； a 客觀的，反義詞subjective: 主觀的

3. predict: v 預(yù)言、預(yù)示；

由此我們可以聯(lián)想到：prediction: n 預(yù)言；predictable:a 可預(yù)測的； predictor: n 預(yù)言家

4. simplify: v 簡化

由此我們可以聯(lián)想到：simple: a 簡單的；simply:ad 簡單地，僅僅地； simplification: n 簡化； simplified: a 被簡化的。

Exercises for the above words:

1). The machine is _____ in operation but complexinstructure.

2). Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet in the originalisbeyond our capacity while ____ edition is quite easy.

3). There is no point in arguing about it, becauseitis _______ a question of procedure.

4). The ______ of working process freed theworkersfro heavy labor.

Answers: simple; simplified; simply; simplification

5. tendency: n 趨勢(shì)、傾向；tend : v傾向于…，

tend todo sth

e.g. old people have the tendency of getting fatter.

Or old people tend to get fatter.

6. managerial: a 經(jīng)理的、經(jīng)營上的；

由此我們可以聯(lián)想到：manage: v管理、經(jīng)營； management:n;manager: n 經(jīng)營者，管理者； manageable: a 可管理的、可經(jīng)營的。

7.argue: v 爭辯、爭論，常用固定搭配：arguwith sb about/over sth由于某事而同某人爭論； argue sb into doingsth說服某人做某事； argue sb outof doing sth說服某人不要做某事。

e.g.1>. The young couple always argue with each other over theirchild’s

education.

2>. I argued him out of going on such adangerousjourney.

8. define: v 給…下定義； definition: n 定義

9. profitability: n 賺錢， 獲利

由此我們可以聯(lián)想到：profit: n 利潤；profitable:a 有利可圖的, 有好處的；

profitless: a 沒有利潤的。

1). He has made a _____ from running asmallrestaurant.

2). The deal was ______ to all of us.

3). They valued _______ differently, which ledtodisagreement as to the correctness of decision.

Answer: profit, profitable; profitability.

10. correctness: n 正確性； 字根：correct:a正確的； v 糾正， correction: n 糾正； incorrect: a 不正確的。

11. unintended: a 非計(jì)劃中的，

由此我們可以聯(lián)想到：intend: v 打算，計(jì)劃；intention:n； intended: a 計(jì)劃中的

課文難句講解、分析

1. A decision is a choice made from amongalternativecourses of action that are available.(p1)

譯：決策就是從幾種可以選擇的做法中作出選擇。

分析：該句是主系表結(jié)構(gòu)。made from among alternative coursesofaction that are available是過去分詞短語做定語修飾a choice; 其中that are available是定語從句修飾courses of action.

像這樣一環(huán)修飾一環(huán)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)在英文中很普遍，因此為了看懂句子大家必須學(xué)會(huì)分析。這是整個(gè)英語學(xué)習(xí)過程中很重要的能力！

2. The reason for making a decision is that aproblemexists, goals or objectives are wrong, or something is standing in theway ofaccomplishing them. (p1)

譯：做出決策的原因是因?yàn)榇嬖趩栴}，目標(biāo)或目的有錯(cuò)誤，或者有某種東西防礙著它們的實(shí)現(xiàn)。

分析：該句又是主系表結(jié)構(gòu)。That引導(dǎo)三個(gè)并列的表語從句，①aproblemexists，②goals or objectives are wrong；③something is standing in the way of accomplishing them。 短語：make a decision:做出決策；stand in the way: 阻擋、防礙

3.Often managers must make a best guess at what thefuture will be and try toleave as little as possible to chance, but sinceuncertainty is always there,risk accompanies decisions. (p2)

譯：通常管理者必須對(duì)未來的情況做出最佳預(yù)測，從而使偶然性盡可能少地發(fā)生，但因?yàn)椴淮_定性總是存在，所以決策常伴隨著風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

分析：前半句是主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)。what the future will be是at的賓語；as little as possible做leave的賓語；since引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，相當(dāng)于because.

4.If there is no choice, there is no decision to be made. (p3)

譯：如果沒有選擇，就不會(huì)有決策。

分析：這是一句很簡單的條件狀語從句，但它有一個(gè)很重要的考點(diǎn)：to be made。這是動(dòng)詞不定式做定語修飾decision，有將來意味。比如：The last question tobediscussed today is how to divide the work among ourselves.

5. For managers, every decision has constraintsbasedon policies, procedures, laws, precedents, and the like. (p3)

譯：對(duì)于管理者而言，每次決策都受到政策、程序、法律以及慣例等因素制約。

分析：這句話的考點(diǎn)是based on policies, procedures,laws,precedents, and the like。同樣是過去分詞短語做定語修飾constraints。其中詞組：base…on以…為基礎(chǔ)。 如：Thefilmis based on s short story by Jack London.

6.But the tendency to simplify blinds them to other alternatives.(p4)

譯：但是這種簡化的傾向使得他們看不到其他可供選擇的方法。

分析：該句主語the tendency to simplify，謂語blinds; them是賓語。to simplify是定語，修飾the tendency；to other alternatives是賓補(bǔ)。其中短語：blind sb to sth:使…看不見…；

we shouldn’t let our prejudices blind us to thefacts.

7. Because individuals (and organizations)frequentlyhave different ideas about how to attain the goals, the best choicemay dependon who makes the decision. (p6 line 4--6)

譯：因?yàn)閭€(gè)人（和組織）關(guān)于如何達(dá)到目的常有不同的觀點(diǎn)，哪種是最優(yōu)的選擇可能要看是誰做出決策。

分析：這是一個(gè)由because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語從句。其中howtoattain the goals做介詞about的賓語，whomakesthe decision做介詞on的賓語。

8. Some of these objectives are more importantthanothers, but the order and degree of importance often vary from person topersonand from department to department. (p7 line 2--4)

譯：其中有一些目標(biāo)比其它的更重要，但其順序和重要程度因人和不同的部門而異。

分析：請(qǐng)注意比較級(jí)more important than，詞組：vary from person to person譯成中文：因人而異，可以推出：因季節(jié)而異vary from season to season….

9.When presented with a common case, sales managers tend to seesales problems,production managers see production problems, and so on. (p7line 5--7)

譯：當(dāng)面對(duì)同一件日常事情時(shí)，銷售經(jīng)理傾向于看銷售問題，而生產(chǎn)經(jīng)理則會(huì)看生產(chǎn)相關(guān)的問題，等等。

分析：前半部分為?？純?nèi)容，它是when + 過去分詞短語，構(gòu)成時(shí)間狀語部分。其中詞組：

be presented with = be faced with當(dāng)面對(duì)…

When faced with difficulties, we should be brave..

10. People often assume that a decision is anisolatedphenomenon. (p9)

譯：人們經(jīng)常假設(shè)一項(xiàng)決策是孤立的現(xiàn)象。

分析：句子結(jié)構(gòu)簡單：主謂賓（從句）。其中assume: = imagine; isolated: adj 孤立的。

phenomenon: n 現(xiàn)象；復(fù)數(shù)變化較特殊：phenomena