用關(guān)鍵詞提高托福閱讀速度

很多同學(xué)都很關(guān)注用關(guān)鍵詞提高托福閱讀速度這個(gè)問(wèn)題，那么接下來(lái)就跟著中國(guó)教育在線(xiàn)小編一起來(lái)看看吧，相信你通過(guò)以下的文章內(nèi)容就會(huì)有更深入的了解。

托?？荚囬喿x部分一篇文章一般較長(zhǎng)，所以一般是以段落為單位的。考生經(jīng)常抱怨明明看懂了，為什么還是錯(cuò)的。要讀懂一個(gè)段落我們只需要抓住幾個(gè)關(guān)鍵詞而已。那么關(guān)鍵詞怎么抓呢?一是看邏輯信號(hào)詞;二是讀句子的時(shí)候一定牢記只看主干!下面我們就以托福官方真題Official25中的文章TheDecline of Venetian Shipping為例，說(shuō)說(shuō)如何巧抓關(guān)鍵詞。

官方真題Official25-2 The Decline ofVenetian Shipping：

Paragraph 2 this declinecan be seen clearly in the changes that affected Venetian shipping and trade.First，Venice’s intermediary functions in the AdriaticSea，where it had dominated the business of shippingfor other parties，were lost to direct trading. In thefifteenth century there was little problem recruiting sailors to row thegalleys (large ships propelled by oars)：guilds(business associations) were required to provide rowers，and through a draft system free citizens served compulsorily when calledfor. In the early sixteenth century the shortage of rowers was not seriousbecause the demand for galleys was limited by a move to round ships(round-hulled ships with more cargo space)，withrequired fewer rowers. But the shortage of crews proved to be a greater andgreater problem，despite continuous appeal to Venice’stradition of maritime greatness. Even though sailors’ wages doubled among thenorthern Italian cities from 1550 to 1590，this did notelicit an increased supply.

以上算得上是托福閱讀中較長(zhǎng)的段落了，在快速閱讀這個(gè)段落的時(shí)候我們要找的關(guān)鍵詞是：邏輯信號(hào)詞—如段落中所標(biāo)示的first，but，this…我們不難發(fā)現(xiàn)這些信號(hào)詞所在的句子基本都是解題的信息點(diǎn)。那么在做題定位時(shí)不妨多加留意。當(dāng)然，抓住這些關(guān)鍵詞并不難，難在理解。

接下來(lái)我們就來(lái)看看理解這些句子時(shí)的關(guān)鍵詞。每段話(huà)的首句是必定要讀的。This decline can be seen clearly in the changes that affectedVenetian shipping and trade。這是包含了一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)雜句。先看到核心詞changes，再看到Venetian shipping and trade。這篇文章接下來(lái)具體要寫(xiě)的內(nèi)容就展露無(wú)遺，也就是威尼斯船業(yè)和貿(mào)易的變遷。

First，這當(dāng)然是開(kāi)始寫(xiě)shipping的標(biāo)志了。Venice’s intermediary functionsin the Adriatic Sea，where it had dominated thebusiness of shipping for other parties，were lost todirect trading.我們一直強(qiáng)調(diào)句子要讀主干，那么簡(jiǎn)單地看這個(gè)句子就是Venice’sfunctions were lost， 核心詞很顯然是lost，也對(duì)應(yīng)了整篇文章的主題decline.接下來(lái)兩句寫(xiě)到了15和16世紀(jì)遇到的船員難招的問(wèn)題。

there was little problemrecruiting sailors to row the galleys (large ships propelled by oars)：guilds (business associations) were required to provide rowers，and through a draft system free citizens served compulsorily whencalled for.這句話(huà)中有冒號(hào)的出現(xiàn)，閱讀冒號(hào)之前的內(nèi)容there was littleproblem;到下一句：the shortage of rowers was not seriousbecause the demand for galleys was limited by a move to round ships(round-hulled ships with more cargo space)，withrequired fewer rowers.這句中要看到的核心是not serious;再往后看到But….to be a greater and greater problem.到這里意思應(yīng)該已經(jīng)一目了然了，就是講威尼斯船業(yè)在招聘船員方面所遭遇的變遷：little problem—not serious —greater problem.

剛才我們講了文章閱讀部分要抓關(guān)鍵詞，其實(shí)我們?cè)陂喿x題目和選項(xiàng)時(shí)也是需要尋找關(guān)鍵詞的。有些題目的選項(xiàng)是比較長(zhǎng)的，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)看上去也差不多一段話(huà)了，所以一定要抓住關(guān)鍵詞判斷才行，如否定詞、比較詞和并列詞。這些是快速瀏覽選項(xiàng)的第一步。再次也要看到題干和每個(gè)選項(xiàng)中能讓我們快速定位到原文的關(guān)鍵詞。我們還是以托福官方真題Official25為例：

官方真題Official25-1 The Surface ofMars

Paragraph 5 As on the Moon，the extent of large impact cratering (i.e. craters too big to havebeen filled in by erosion since they were formed) serves as an age indicatorfor the Martian surface. Age estimates ranging from four billion years forMars’s southern highlands to a few hundred million years in the youngestvolcanic areas were obtained in this way。

According to paragraph 5，what have scientists been able to determine from studies of largeimpact cratering on Mars?

A. Some Martian volcanoesare much older than was once thought。

B. The age of Mars’ssurface can vary from area to area。

C. Large impact cratersare not reliable indicators of age in areas with high volcanic activity。

D. Some areas of theMartian surface appear to be older than they actually are。

劃出選項(xiàng)中的關(guān)鍵詞后，定位到原文迅速瀏覽發(fā)現(xiàn)原文中并無(wú)如A和D選項(xiàng)中的比較，C中的否定詞not和原文是明顯相矛盾的，故而選擇B，而B(niǎo)選項(xiàng)對(duì)應(yīng)的恰好是本段末句：Age estimates ranging fromfour billion years for Mars’s southern highlands to a few hundred million yearsin the youngest volcanic areas were obtained in this way。

根據(jù)以上分析，我們應(yīng)該明白在閱讀之時(shí)何為關(guān)鍵詞。簡(jiǎn)單地講有定位關(guān)鍵詞和判斷關(guān)鍵詞。定位關(guān)鍵詞包括題干及選項(xiàng)中的名詞，還有就是段落中那些一直向你示好的邏輯信號(hào)詞了，不要忘記用它們找到你解題需要的信息。判斷關(guān)鍵詞是選項(xiàng)中那些有特色的詞匯，包括否定詞，比較詞或者是句子主干中的動(dòng)詞等，根據(jù)這些詞和原文進(jìn)行對(duì)應(yīng)，至少有一半的選項(xiàng)可以迅速被排除。

以上，就是本文的全部?jī)?nèi)容分享，希望能給同學(xué)們帶來(lái)參考，如果您還有用關(guān)鍵詞提高托福閱讀速度其他方面的疑問(wèn)，歡迎隨時(shí)在線(xiàn)咨詢(xún)客服老師。

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